1. Back IN. Palliative Medicine Handbook third ed. Cardiff:BPM Books. 2001
2. Dickman A, Schneider J, Varga J. The Syringe Driver. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
3. Twycross R, Wilcox A. Palliative care formulary PCF3. Third edition 2007
4. UKMi Medicines Q&As 42.4 What are the equivalent doses of oral morphine to other oral opioids when used as analgesics in adult palliative care. Oct 2009 http://nelm.nhs.uk
5. SPC for Oxynorm® (oxycodone) injection. Sept 2008.
6. SPC for buy dihydrocodeine Zydol capsules/injection. March 2009
7. SPC for Transtec® (buprenorphine)July 2009.
8. SPC for BuTrans®(buprenorphine)March 2010
9. SPC for Durogesic DTrans® (Fentanyl). September 2015. http://emc.medicines.org.uk/ (all SPCs may be accessed at this web address)
10. Twycross R, Wilcox A. Palliative care formulary PCF3. 4th edition 2011
11. UKMi Medicines Q&As 42.6 What are the equal doses of oral morphine to different oral opioids when used as analgesics in adult palliative care. Sept 2011 http://nelm.nhs.uk
12. Khanderia S (managing editor). British Nationwide Formulary. Accessed online by way of: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/mc/bnf/current/ on 26/08/2016
13. Twycross R, Wilcox A, Howard P. Palliative care formulary PCF5.
Anagrelide: (Main) Torsades de pointes (TdP) and ventricular tachycardia have been reported with anagrelide. As well as, dose-associated increases in mean QTc and heart price have been noticed in healthy subjects. A cardiovascular examination, including an ECG, needs to be obtained in all patients prior to initiating anagrelide therapy. Monitor patients during anagrelide therapy for cardiovascular effects and evaluate as vital. Ciprofloxacin is related to a potential risk for QT prolongation and TdP and should be used cautiously and with shut monitoring with anagrelide. As well as, anagrelide is partially metabolized by CYP1A2. Coadministration of anagrelide with medicine that inhibit CYP1A2, akin to ciprofloxacin, might theoretically decrease the elimination of anagrelide and enhance the chance of side effects or toxicity. Patients should be monitored for increased adverse results if anagrelide is coadministered with ciprofloxacin.
The commonest ache medicines used after surgery are opioids (narcotics). Opioids block pain alerts on their option to the mind. This implies they will management even extreme pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may even be used. Like opioids, NSAIDs block pain alerts on their technique to the mind. Your physician might also try antidepressants.
Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: (Average) Consider a diminished dose of hydrocodone with frequent monitoring for respiratory depression and sedation if concurrent use of ketoconazole is important. It is suggested to avoid this mixture when hydrocodone is being used for cough. Hydrocodone is a CYP3A4 substrate, and coadministration with CYP3A4 inhibitors like ketoconazole can enhance hydrocodone exposure resulting in elevated or prolonged opioid effects together with fatal respiratory depression, particularly when an inhibitor is added to a stable dose of hydrocodone. These effects might be more pronounced in patients additionally receiving a CYP2D6 inhibitor. If ketoconazole is discontinued, hydrocodone plasma concentrations will lower leading to diminished efficacy of the opioid and potential withdrawal syndrome in a patient who has developed bodily dependence to hydrocodone.
