Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased over time? The evidence is limited and we’re only able to provide incomplete solutions. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don’t know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.
We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for تزويد مشتركين يوتيوب men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line – this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1
Interestingly, this chart shows that, while the advantage for women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.
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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let’s look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the men and women’s life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.
There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small It has significantly increased with time.
By selecting ‘Change Country’ on the chart, you are able to check that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.
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