Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What’s the main reason women have a longer life span than men? Why the advantage has grown over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor is.
We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, زيادة استماعات ساوند كلاود (Check This Out) ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1
This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage is present everywhere, global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half each year.
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In countries with high incomes, the advantage of women in longevity was smaller
Let’s examine how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.
First, there is an upward trend. and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly over time.
You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the “Change country” option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.
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